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RE: fullsized, working version would be way more interesting, though

I always thought they were interesting too,
I wondered the same thing, it kind of bothered me.

The answer was interesting i thought as it has to do with viscosity of the hot gas being much "thinner" and so, able to escape at a much higher speed.
In fact the exhaust can be "supersonic" because the speed of sound goes up with temperature also (i think it was about 230C where the speed has doubled) and this is how a jet can be supersonic too, the air getting out of it's way is compressed and hot and can then flow around the nose and wing edges at supersonic speed. Fwiw the visible cone you see going supersonic is the negative pressure wave, the positive pressure wave is first and is invisible and does not condense water vapor because it's hot.

The force out the back is a product of the mass flow and velocity but it's the velocity raised to something power, maybe squared or cubed don't remember, would have to google it.
Anyway, the same weight of air going in comes out much faster because its hot and so pushes, what a nice warm fire and happy noise.


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